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Question1:
Change the following sentence from a quotation to indirect speech.
Rhonda says, "I get to work early every day."
a. Rhonda says she gets to work early every day.
b. Rhonda said she gets to work early every day.
c. Rhonda has said that she got to work early every day.
d. Rhonda says she had gotten to work early every day.
___
Question2:
Choose the series of adjectives and adverbs that best completes the following sentence.
While __________ of our relatives live on the __________ hill in the county, __________ of our friends live in the __________ __________ areas of the valley.
a. more, windy, many, most, protection
b. most, windier, more, most, protective
c. many, windiest, most, more, protected
d. many, winding, more, most, protected
___
Question3:
Choose the series of prepositions that best completes the following sentence.
Although the issue was very serious, the committee disposed ______ it in a few minutes and moved _______ to other business.
a. onto, off
b. of, away
c. on, out
d. of, on
___
Question4:
Change the following sentence from a quotation to indirect speech.
"I will be moving soon," said Alma.
a. Alma said she would be moving soon.
b. Alma said she will move soon.
c. Alma says she'll be moving soon.
d. Alma says she would move soon.
___
Question5:
Read the original sentence below and then choose the rewritten sentence that illustrates proper sentence structure.
ORIGINAL SENTENCE:
It is easy to carry solid objects, but the same cannot be said of liquids.
REWRITTEN SENTENCES:
a. Unlike liquids, solid objects are easy to carry.
b. Unlike liquids, we can easily carry solid objects.
c. Unlike liquids; solid objects can easily be carried.
d. Unlike liquids, solid objects easy to be carried.
___
Question6:
Which of the following sentences does NOT illustrate correct verb and verb tense usage?
a. Frank and Marjorie have opened a new chocolate shop on the corner.
b. By the time I get there, all the best candy will have been eaten already.
c. They was going to sell pastries as well, but then decided against it.
d. Have you ever wondered how many jelly beans there are in the world?
_____
Question7:
Choose the series of verbs and phrases that best completes the following passage.
This dish _________ too spicy. Why __________ so much pepper?
a. is, did the chef have to use
b. was, the chef is using
c. is, did the chef use
d. was, the chef used
____
Question8:
Rearrange the following words to create the most logical and grammatically correct sentence.
your company name ? of What the is
a. What is the company of your name?
b. your company What is the name of?
c. What is the name of your company?
d. The name of your company What is?
____
Question9:
Choose the series of verbs that best completes the following sentence.
If Harry __________ to the party too early, don't let him in; he __________ outside like everyone else.
a. gets, will have to wait
b. got, waits
c. gets, is waiting
d. has gotten, must be waiting
___
Question10:
Choose the series of adjectives and adverbs that best completes the following sentence.
The archaeologists were ________ to discover such a __________ and __________ _________ artifact at that mostly uncovered site.
a. amazing, rarely, incredible, beautifully
b. amazed, rare, incredibly, beautiful
c. beautiful, rarity, amazingly, incredible
d. amazingly, beautiful, rarely, incredible
___
Question11:
Choose the series of adjectives and adverbs that best completes the following sentence.
The archaeologists were ________ to discover such a __________ and __________ _________ artifact at that mostly uncovered site.
a. amazing, rarely, incredible, beautifully
b. amazed, rare, incredibly, beautiful
c. beautiful, rarity, amazingly, incredible
d. amazingly, beautiful, rarely, incredible
___
Question12:
Choose the phrase that best completes the sentence below without creating a run-on sentence.
Mr. Peach has sent his four children to Ivy League colleges __________ he has sacrificed his health working day and night in that dusty factory.
a. however
b. ; however,
c. , however
d. however,
____
Question13:
Change the following sentence from a quotation to indirect speech.
Jerry said, "I saw my cousin at the fair."
a. Jerry had said he'd seen his cousin at the fair.
b. Jerry said he had seen his cousin at the fair.
c. Jerry said he'd saw his cousin at the fair.
d. Jerry says he saw his cousin at the fair.
_____
Question14:
Which of the following sentences illustrates correct usage of articles and conjunctions?
a. The cake that I ate was better that the one you had.
b. An house is not the home, or so they saying goes.
c. For my birthday, I would like a book, an hourglass, and the keys to a new boat.
d. Has a package I've been waiting for been delivered yet, nor must I wait longer?
___
Question15:
Rearrange the following words to create the most logical and grammatically correct sentence.
work . is always to brother willing not My
a. My brother is not willing to work always.
b. My brother is not always willing to work.
c. is not willing to work always My brother.
d. My work is not willing to always brother.
____
Question16:
Choose the series of articles and conjunctions that best completes the following sentence.
I think Fran could be ______ great public speaker, _______ she is still too shy to try it.
a. the, although
b. a, but
c. an, however
d. a, and
____
Question17:
Rearrange the following words to create the most logical and grammatically correct sentence.
days . for last has good weather few The been the not
a. weather for The last few good has not been the days.
b. The good days has not been for the last few weather.
c. The few days has not been good for the last weather.
d. The weather has not been good for the last few days.
____
Question18:
Choose the series of articles and conjunctions that best completes the following sentence.
_______ she was feeling ill, Teresa wanted to eat only _____ apple _____ some soup.
a. Yet, the, or
b. After, an, and
c. Because, an, or
d. If, a, and
____
Question19:
Choose the series of pronouns that best completes the following sentence.
That house used to be ______ , but ______ have given it to ______.
a. my, I, her
b. mine, me, her
c. mine, I, her
d. myself, she, her
__________
Question20:
Choose the series of articles and conjunctions that best completes the following sentence.
Neither we ________ Sal, our neighbor, could understand ________ it had been our dog Rover or Sal's cat's kittens _________ had destroyed all the flower beds in the middle of _______ night.
a. nor, whether, that, the
b. or, if, who, the
c. and, whether, than, a
d. nor, if, that, a
____
Question21:
Choose the series of pronouns that best completes the following sentence.
After realizing that our hosts hadn't actually invited ______ to ______ party, ______ excused ______ from the table and slipped out the back door.
a. us, their, we, ourselves
b. ourselves, theirs, we, us
c. them, our, they, themselves
d. us, our, we, himself
___
Question22:
Change the following sentence from a quotation to indirect speech.
"I'm not feeling well," Agatha said.
a. Agatha has said that she doesn't feel well.
b. According to Agatha, she isn't feeling well.
c. Agatha said she wasn't feeling well.
d. Agatha says she isn't feeling well.
___
Question23:
Complete the following sentence by choosing the phrase with the best word order from the options given.
Those who are not wise ____________ .
a. do not need be necessarily stupid
b. need not necessarily be stupid
c. need not to be necessarily stupid
d. does not need to be necessarily stupid
____
Question24:
Choose the series of pronouns that best completes the following sentence.
Don't ________ think Larry should call ________ wife if ________ is going to be late for dinner?
a. you, his, he
b. we, your, his
c. he, his, he
d. you, his, himself
___
Question25:
Which of the following sentences illustrates the proper use of parallel construction?
a. Arthur failed when he tried to open the lock with a key, but succeeded when he tried to open it with a hammer.
b. We painted the conference room yellow, hung a poster on the wall, and are rearranging the chairs.
c. No one in the room knew that the doors had been locked and that policemen will be running up the stairs.
d. Andrea is incapable of walking and to talk at the same time.
____
Question26:
Which of the following sentences is punctuated correctly?
a. 'Come here, she said, and let me get a good look at you.'
b. Come here she said, and let me get a good look at you.
c. "Come here," she said. "and let me get a good look at you."
d. "Come here," she said, "and let me get a good look at you."
____
Question27:
Choose the option that correctly changes the original sentence from active voice to passive voice.
ORIGINAL SENTENCE:
That tall man is carrying a lot of lumber.
REWRITTEN SENTENCES:
a. The tall man carries a lot of lumber.
b. Is being carried by that tall man, the lumber.
c. The lumber is carried by the tall man.
d. A lot of lumber is being carried by that tall man.
____
Question28:
Choose the series of prepositions that best completes the following sentence.
Jack, leaning casually ________ the tree, watched as Sally walked slowly ________ him.
a. against, towards
b. toward, against
c. upon, past
d. off, beside
e. against, toward
____
Question29:
Change the following sentence from a quotation to indirect speech.
"Sharon must go to the bank today," said Albert.
a. Albert says Sharon will have to go to the bank today.
b. Albert said Sharon has to go to the bank today.
c. Albert says Sharon must go to the bank today.
d. Albert said Sharon had to go to the bank today.
_____
Question30:
Which of the following sentences does NOT illustrate correct pronoun usage?
a. The wet dog shook itself off, wagged its tail, and proceeded on its way.
b. Don't take the silver goblet out of its protective case or you'll ruin it.
c. You should wear that jacket to their wedding because it's the nicest one you have.
d. It's not too late to answer their ad for a waitress, is it?
e. All are correct
____
Question31:
Choose the series of prepositions that best completes the following passage.
Although Marvin said he had hidden the keys _______ the flower pot, we were unable to find them _______ the dark. In the end, we waited for him at the coffee shop ___________ the corner.
a. under, in, around
b. in, with, at
c. around, at, on
d. beside, from, around
_____
Question32:
Choose the series of verbs that best completes the following passage.
I find it very hard to remember _________ letters that are entrusted to me. In fact, I remember _________ to do so dozens of times!
a. to mail, forgetting
b. mailing, to forget
c. to mail, to forget
d. mailing, forgetting
____
Question33:
Which of the following sentences illustrates proper sentence structure?
a. Walking down the street, my eyes were drawn to a diamond in a store window.
b. A small red car pulled up behind the woman with tinted windows.
c. The man in the black cape mounted his powerful stallion and it galloped away.
d. The cats chased the birds around the yard with the yellow beaks.
____
Question34:
Which of the following sentences illustrates the proper use of parallel construction?
a. Terry hoped to find a new job that would let him earn extra cash in the summer and to work fewer hours.
b. Although Tommy was failing his biology class at college, he was passing his chemistry class.
c. Trina loved to sail, skate, swim, and surfing.
d. Tatiana declared that the people in her office are smarter than the people who work in Tad's office.
____
Question35:
Choose the series of prepositions that best completes the following sentence.
The deer ran quickly _______ the trees, its hooves pounding _______ the forest floor.
a. amid, from
b. over, at
c. through, on
d. throughout, on
____
Question36:
Choose the series of pronouns that best completes the following sentence.
_______ is the name of the opera, and _______ role did you say Maria would play?
a. This, which
b. Who, that
c. What, which
d. Which, what
____
Question37:
Complete the following sentence by choosing the phrase with the best word order from the options given.
The excited children, who had run toward the loud _____________ .
a. music and then told the others about the ice cream truck outside
b. music, are telling to the others about the ice cream truck outside
c. ice cream truck to tell the others about the music outside
d. music, told the others about the ice cream truck outside
____
Question38:
Choose the series of adjectives and adverbs that best completes the following sentence.
Knowing that February was the _________ month of the year, Cheryl planned her vacation ___________.
a. short, in accordance
b. shortest, accordingly
c. shorter, according
d. shortness, accordion
_____
Question39:
Which of the following sentences is NOT punctuated correctly?
a. We expect only three things from our dog: loyalty, affection, and tail wagging.
b. I need you to pick up several boxes of paperclips, pens, and pencils; three pounds each of potatoes, carrots, and peas; and my dry cleaning.
c. Marcy, my parrot, squawked for an hour, before finally calming down.
d. All of the above are punctuated correctly.
__________________________XXXXXXXXX___________________________
Note: Red is the answer of (U.S. English Basic Skills Test 2013)
Wednesday, July 4, 2012
English Vocabulary Test (U.S. Version) answer
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oDesk English Vocabulary Test (u.s. version) Answers
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly an antonym of the word below.
MITIGATE
Question: Choose the word that best corresponds with the definition given below.
v. To impose with authority; urge strongly
a. Enjoin
Question: Choose the word that best corresponds with the definition given below.
v. To issue a vehement verbal attack; to denounce explosively
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct set of words from the options below.
It's a good thing you're so________ at paperwork, because you'll need to fill out hundreds of forms to________ a child.
Question: Choose the word that best corresponds with the definition given below.
n. Flair; style; a flamboyant manner
c. Resonance
Question: Choose the definition that best reflects the meaning of the word in CAPITAL LETTERS as it is used in the sentence below.
The mysterious message Claude received could be a HARBINGER of what's in store for him and his family.
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly a synonym for the word in CAPITAL LETTERS in the following sentence.
Roger might be more AMENABLE to your ideas if you presented them without sneering.
b. Willing to accept
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly a synonym for the word in CAPITAL LETTERS in the following sentence.
The coach was absolutely disgusted by his team's INDOLENCE and nasty attitude. wizened
c. Laziness
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly an antonym of the word below.
REFUTE
b. Support
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly an antonym of the word below. deleterious
INORDINATE
a. Reasonable
11. Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct homophone from the options below.
Oscar, who did not possess a discerning_________ , preferred hot dogs to steak.
b. pallet
Question: Choose the definition that best reflects the meaning of the word in CAPITAL LETTERS as it is used in the sentence below.
The journalist denied that he had any PRURIENT interest in the politician's private life, but his titillating articles seemed to indicate otherwise.
Question: Choose the word that best corresponds with the definition given below.
adj. Tending to create ill will or give offense
b. Invidious
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct set of words from the options below.
I can_________ all the terms of the apartment lease_________ the one about not allowing pets.
d. accept/except
Question: Choose the definition that best reflects the meaning of the word in CAPITAL LETTERS as it is used in the sentence below.
The recent shenanigans in the town square went against all PRECEPTS of decency.
a. Rules for action or behavior
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly an antonym of the word below. adverse
ITINERANT
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct homophone from the options below.
The company is__________ committed to developing educational television programs for children.
c. wholly
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct set of homophones from the options below.
The_________ poet, knowing his death was__________ , struggled to finish his final ode.
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct set of homophones from the options below.
Rachel knew that she'd soon be living in______________ circumstances unless she got her financial problems________________ out
immediately.
b. straitened/straightened
Question: Choose the definition that best reflects the meaning of the word in CAPITAL LETTERS as it is used in the sentence below.
The plots of all her novels just seem to MEANDER along, to the point where I can't follow the storyline or figure out who's who.
a. Purposely confuse
21. Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct word from the options below.
The only________________ difference between the twins is the shape of their noses.
b. distinguished
Question: Choose the definition that best reflects the meaning of the word in CAPITAL LETTERS as it is used in the sentence below.
Now that the festivities have ended, perhaps we can return to some SEMBLANCE of normality.
c. Outward appearance
Question: Choose the word that best corresponds with the definition given below.
adj. Narrow-minded; limited in scop
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct homophone from the options below.
That grueling competition really tested the____________ of the gymnastics team.
b. metal
Question: Choose the word that best corresponds with the definition given below.
Capacity for producing a desired result; effectiveness
d. Efficacy
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct set of words from the options below.
Although_________ wanted to keep the boat all to_________ , I knew it would be used extensively by both Susan and________________ .
d. I/myself/me
Question: Choose the definition that best reflects the meaning of the word in CAPITAL LETTERS as it is used in the sentence below.
Poverty is RIFE in the rural areas of our county, where one in three families receives some state assistance. RIFE
a. Prevalent
Question: Choose the definition that best reflects the meaning of the word in CAPITAL LETTERS as it is used in the sentence below.
The exchange student was disheartened by the rather BRUSQUE welcome she received from her host family.
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct set of words from the options below.
The workers were allowed to___________ down once they'd________ the brick, but the foreman himself has not yet_________
down.
d. lay/laid/laid
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly a synonym for the word in CAPITAL LETTERS in the following sentence.
Alec has always been CONTEMPTUOUS of his fellow writers.
a. Disdainful
Question: Choose the definition that best reflects the meaning of the word in CAPITAL LETTERS as it is used in the sentence below.
Maude managed to sweep up the broken dishes without a word of REPROOF to her children.
a. Expression of disapproval or blame
Question: Choose the definition that best reflects the meaning of the word in CAPITAL LETTERS as it is used in the sentence below.
The despot's MINIONS were only too eager to tout his edicts and report any unrest among his subjects.
a- Sycophants; servile followers
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly an antonym of the word below.
AVARICE
d. Generosity
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct word from the options below.
The crafty spy gave a___________ name to the hotel clerk.
c. fictitious
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly a synonym for the word in CAPITAL LETTERS in the following sentence.
The soldier's EXEMPLARY conduct did not go unnoticed by his sergeant.
Admirable
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly a synonym for the word in CAPITAL LETTERS in the following sentence.
She always got a VICARIOUS thrill from watching her father skydive.
d. Sickening
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct word from the options below.
The proposed after-school tutoring program promises_____________ benefits to the students and the community.
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct word from the options below.
I screamed as the monstrous presence snaked toward me on the dark and_________ path.
b. tortuous
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct homophone from the options below.
We all remarked on how well the spray of begonias____________ her hair color.
a. complimented
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct set of words from the options below.
She hastened to_________ me that she intends to pay the bill, and that she will_________ that the check is mailed today.
a. assure/ensure
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly a synonym for the word in CAPITAL LETTERS in the following sentence.
The soldier's EXEMPLARY conduct did not go unnoticed by his sergeant.
c. Admirable
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly a synonym for the word in CAPITAL LETTERS in the following sentence.
His son's group of friends had a DELETERIOUS effect on his schoolwork.
Question: Choose the definition that best reflects the meaning of the word in CAPITAL LETTERS as it is used in the sentence below.
It would BEHOOVE you to show a little more respect to the judge and jury who are deciding your case.
Question: Choose the definition that best reflects the meaning of the word in CAPITAL LETTERS as it is used in the sentence below.
Running around barefoot in the snow will only EXACERBATE your flu symptoms.
b. Aggravate; worsen
Question: Choose the word that best corresponds with the definition given below.
n. A mass or crowd; multitude
c. Horde
Question: Choose the definition that best reflects the meaning of the word in CAPITAL LETTERS as it is used in the sentence below.
Dan was a nice guy, but he was far too GARRULOUS and tended to monopolize people at parties.
Question: Choose the word that best corresponds with the definition given below.
adj. Similar to something else in certain respects, as in form, function, or meaning
Question: Choose the word that best corresponds with the definition given below.
adj. Hardhearted; unmoved by pity
b. Parsimonious
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly an antonym of the word below.
ADVERSE
d. Twisted
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct homophone from the options below.
Who has the power to_________ out justice to the citizens of this country?
a. meet
Question: Choose the word that best corresponds with the definition given below.
adj. Easily provoked to anger; irritable
52. Question: Choose the word that best corresponds with the definition given below.
n. Flair; style; a flamboyant manner
c. Resonance
53. Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly a synonym for the word in CAPITAL LETTERS in the following sentence.
Agatha RUMINATED for weeks about the consequences of telling Arthur about the affair.
a. Pondered
MITIGATE
c. Intensify
Question: Choose the word that best corresponds with the definition given below.
v. To impose with authority; urge strongly
a. Enjoin
Question: Choose the word that best corresponds with the definition given below.
v. To issue a vehement verbal attack; to denounce explosively
c. Fulminate
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct set of words from the options below.
It's a good thing you're so________ at paperwork, because you'll need to fill out hundreds of forms to________ a child.
c. adapt/adopt
Question: Choose the word that best corresponds with the definition given below.
n. Flair; style; a flamboyant manner
c. Resonance
Question: Choose the definition that best reflects the meaning of the word in CAPITAL LETTERS as it is used in the sentence below.
The mysterious message Claude received could be a HARBINGER of what's in store for him and his family.
b. Omen; forerunner
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly a synonym for the word in CAPITAL LETTERS in the following sentence.
Roger might be more AMENABLE to your ideas if you presented them without sneering.
b. Willing to accept
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly a synonym for the word in CAPITAL LETTERS in the following sentence.
The coach was absolutely disgusted by his team's INDOLENCE and nasty attitude. wizened
c. Laziness
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly an antonym of the word below.
REFUTE
b. Support
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly an antonym of the word below. deleterious
INORDINATE
a. Reasonable
11. Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct homophone from the options below.
Oscar, who did not possess a discerning_________ , preferred hot dogs to steak.
b. pallet
Question: Choose the definition that best reflects the meaning of the word in CAPITAL LETTERS as it is used in the sentence below.
The journalist denied that he had any PRURIENT interest in the politician's private life, but his titillating articles seemed to indicate otherwise.
b. Overly curious about the sexual behavior of others
Question: Choose the word that best corresponds with the definition given below.
adj. Tending to create ill will or give offense
b. Invidious
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct set of words from the options below.
I can_________ all the terms of the apartment lease_________ the one about not allowing pets.
d. accept/except
Question: Choose the definition that best reflects the meaning of the word in CAPITAL LETTERS as it is used in the sentence below.
The recent shenanigans in the town square went against all PRECEPTS of decency.
a. Rules for action or behavior
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly an antonym of the word below. adverse
ITINERANT
a. Permanent
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct homophone from the options below.
The company is__________ committed to developing educational television programs for children.
c. wholly
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct set of homophones from the options below.
The_________ poet, knowing his death was__________ , struggled to finish his final ode.
d. eminent/imminent
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct set of homophones from the options below.
Rachel knew that she'd soon be living in______________ circumstances unless she got her financial problems________________ out
immediately.
b. straitened/straightened
Question: Choose the definition that best reflects the meaning of the word in CAPITAL LETTERS as it is used in the sentence below.
The plots of all her novels just seem to MEANDER along, to the point where I can't follow the storyline or figure out who's who.
a. Purposely confuse
21. Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct word from the options below.
The only________________ difference between the twins is the shape of their noses.
b. distinguished
Question: Choose the definition that best reflects the meaning of the word in CAPITAL LETTERS as it is used in the sentence below.
Now that the festivities have ended, perhaps we can return to some SEMBLANCE of normality.
c. Outward appearance
Question: Choose the word that best corresponds with the definition given below.
adj. Narrow-minded; limited in scop
d. Sectarian
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct homophone from the options below.
That grueling competition really tested the____________ of the gymnastics team.
b. metal
Question: Choose the word that best corresponds with the definition given below.
Capacity for producing a desired result; effectiveness
d. Efficacy
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct set of words from the options below.
Although_________ wanted to keep the boat all to_________ , I knew it would be used extensively by both Susan and________________ .
d. I/myself/me
Question: Choose the definition that best reflects the meaning of the word in CAPITAL LETTERS as it is used in the sentence below.
Poverty is RIFE in the rural areas of our county, where one in three families receives some state assistance. RIFE
a. Prevalent
Question: Choose the definition that best reflects the meaning of the word in CAPITAL LETTERS as it is used in the sentence below.
The exchange student was disheartened by the rather BRUSQUE welcome she received from her host family.
c. Blunt or rude in manner of speech
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct set of words from the options below.
The workers were allowed to___________ down once they'd________ the brick, but the foreman himself has not yet_________
down.
d. lay/laid/laid
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly a synonym for the word in CAPITAL LETTERS in the following sentence.
Alec has always been CONTEMPTUOUS of his fellow writers.
a. Disdainful
Question: Choose the definition that best reflects the meaning of the word in CAPITAL LETTERS as it is used in the sentence below.
Maude managed to sweep up the broken dishes without a word of REPROOF to her children.
a. Expression of disapproval or blame
Expression of apology or regret
Question: Choose the definition that best reflects the meaning of the word in CAPITAL LETTERS as it is used in the sentence below.
The despot's MINIONS were only too eager to tout his edicts and report any unrest among his subjects.
a- Sycophants; servile followers
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly an antonym of the word below.
AVARICE
d. Generosity
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct word from the options below.
The crafty spy gave a___________ name to the hotel clerk.
c. fictitious
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly a synonym for the word in CAPITAL LETTERS in the following sentence.
The soldier's EXEMPLARY conduct did not go unnoticed by his sergeant.
Admirable
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly a synonym for the word in CAPITAL LETTERS in the following sentence.
She always got a VICARIOUS thrill from watching her father skydive.
d. Sickening
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct word from the options below.
The proposed after-school tutoring program promises_____________ benefits to the students and the community.
a. innumerable
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct word from the options below.
I screamed as the monstrous presence snaked toward me on the dark and_________ path.
b. tortuous
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct homophone from the options below.
We all remarked on how well the spray of begonias____________ her hair color.
a. complimented
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct set of words from the options below.
She hastened to_________ me that she intends to pay the bill, and that she will_________ that the check is mailed today.
a. assure/ensure
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly a synonym for the word in CAPITAL LETTERS in the following sentence.
The soldier's EXEMPLARY conduct did not go unnoticed by his sergeant.
c. Admirable
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly a synonym for the word in CAPITAL LETTERS in the following sentence.
His son's group of friends had a DELETERIOUS effect on his schoolwork.
d. Harmful
Question: Choose the definition that best reflects the meaning of the word in CAPITAL LETTERS as it is used in the sentence below.
It would BEHOOVE you to show a little more respect to the judge and jury who are deciding your case.
c. Be worthwhile or proper for; be incumbent upon
Question: Choose the definition that best reflects the meaning of the word in CAPITAL LETTERS as it is used in the sentence below.
Running around barefoot in the snow will only EXACERBATE your flu symptoms.
b. Aggravate; worsen
Question: Choose the word that best corresponds with the definition given below.
n. A mass or crowd; multitude
c. Horde
Question: Choose the definition that best reflects the meaning of the word in CAPITAL LETTERS as it is used in the sentence below.
Dan was a nice guy, but he was far too GARRULOUS and tended to monopolize people at parties.
c. Excessively talkative about trivial topics
Question: Choose the word that best corresponds with the definition given below.
adj. Similar to something else in certain respects, as in form, function, or meaning
c. Analogous
Question: Choose the word that best corresponds with the definition given below.
adj. Hardhearted; unmoved by pity
b. Parsimonious
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly an antonym of the word below.
ADVERSE
d. Twisted
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct homophone from the options below.
Who has the power to_________ out justice to the citizens of this country?
a. meet
Question: Choose the word that best corresponds with the definition given below.
adj. Easily provoked to anger; irritable
a. Sapid
52. Question: Choose the word that best corresponds with the definition given below.
n. Flair; style; a flamboyant manner
c. Resonance
53. Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly a synonym for the word in CAPITAL LETTERS in the following sentence.
Agatha RUMINATED for weeks about the consequences of telling Arthur about the affair.
a. Pondered
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct homophone from the options below.
This experiment was designed to __________ certain behaviors from the test subjects.
a. illicit
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly a synonym for the word in CAPITAL LETTERS in the following sentence.
It seems we've reached an IMPASSE in our negotiations.
d. Stalemate
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly a synonym for the word in CAPITAL LETTERS in the following sentence.
The WIZENED old woman gave Jack a handful of beans and some good advice.
b. Shriveled
Question: Choose the word that best corresponds with the definition given below.
n. A position that entails little work but provides a salary
d. Sinecure
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct set of words from the options below.
Mr. Winkle was dismayed to discover that his willful young wife________ her wealth and__________ the law at every
opportunity.
c. flaunted/flouted
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct word from the options below.
She launched her new line of handbags________ a fanfare of publicity.
c. among
Question: Choose the word that best corresponds with the definition given below.
n. Local or provincial dialect
b. Patois
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly a synonym for the word in CAPITAL LETTERS in the following sentence.
She entered the ballroom on the arm of a DEBONAIR young man.
d. Charming and elegant
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct word from the options below.
We expected the waiter to show us out of that snooty restaurant in a hurry, but he turned out to be quite jolly and ____
c. complaisant
Mr. Winkle was dismayed to discover that his willful young wife________ her wealth and__________ the law at every
opportunity.
c. flaunted/flouted
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct word from the options below.
She launched her new line of handbags________ a fanfare of publicity.
c. among
Question: Choose the word that best corresponds with the definition given below.
n. Local or provincial dialect
b. Patois
Question: Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly a synonym for the word in CAPITAL LETTERS in the following sentence.
She entered the ballroom on the arm of a DEBONAIR young man.
d. Charming and elegant
Question: Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct word from the options below.
We expected the waiter to show us out of that snooty restaurant in a hurry, but he turned out to be quite jolly and ____
c. complaisant
Thursday, June 14, 2012
English Spelling Test (U.S. Version) odesk test answer
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English Spelling Test (U.S. Version)
Test Statistics
- Number of Tests taken:
- 223,399
- Number of Contractors that have taken this test:
- 198,571
- Number of Qualified Contractors:
- 183,573
- 92%
- english spelling test (u.s. version) odesk answers
- Read instruction carefully
- Follow some step and get 5 out of 5
- 1st step:Start exam and
- look at this pic Think this is your question
- Do not waste time
- Press Ctrl+A to Mark all the text from this page
- 2nd step:
- Then paste (Ctrl+V) it to your Microsoft word blank page
- just like this
- then it will show automatically which is misspelled
- I think you got it.Have a nive test
- Thanks for visiting this blog
Monday, February 20, 2012
Odesk test answers Odesk test solution,All the odesk test answers are hre like php,css,Photoshop cs3,html 4.1 ecxcell ,Powerpoint,etc
Odesk test answers are really so important for a new contractor ,You have to pass the odesk test. in which you are expert .Do not tense you will pass,Just follow our answers.Here you will find how to write a cover letter also.All time try to keep contacting to your buyer
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Be carefull in freelancing.Do not post contact information in your cover letter. If you do, you will be rejected by the odesk team.Build your career as a freelancer.Learn how to write a cover letter
Remember
This is a helpful odesk test answers blog.people can take help from this site.odesk test solution.Odesk Test Answers like PHP,odesk test answers photoshop,odesk readiness test answers new ,odesk test answers html 4.01 etc Build your career in odesk
Tuesday, January 24, 2012
Microsoft Excel 2010 Test
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Syllabus of the Test
Managing Worksheets
Microsoft Excel 2010 Advanced Features
Analyzing Data- PivotCharts and PivotTables
Web based Co-authoring and Streamlined Communications
Document Customizing-Working with Themes, Language, Images, Ribbon
Microsoft Excel 2010 Documents Security, Privacy and Recovery
Odesk Test Answers on BlogMicrosoft Excel 2010 Advanced Features
Analyzing Data- PivotCharts and PivotTables
Web based Co-authoring and Streamlined Communications
Document Customizing-Working with Themes, Language, Images, Ribbon
Microsoft Excel 2010 Documents Security, Privacy and Recovery
Question:If you want to create a citation and fill in the source information later, you should:
a. insert a caption.
b. add a placeholder.
c. add a new source.
d. insert a cross-reference.
Question:To select vertical blocks of text, you would hold down which key while dragging the mouse?
a. Alt
b. Ctrl
c. Shift
Question:If I do not want the contents of one of my fields to automatically update, I would have to do which of the following?
a. Lock the field.
b. Protect the field.
c. Make the field hidden.
d. Turn field shading off.
Question:Sarah receives a company turnover summary in the form of an embedded Excel chart (as shown in the above image) in a Microsoft Word 2010 document from her boss. Her boss wants the chart to be sent over to the Public Relations department with a line in the chart showing the variations in the company's turnover, as well as a prediction for the next 2 years. The turnover values for each year also need to be sent separately in an Excel file. What should Linda do to achieve this in the shortest possible time?
a. Take a screenshot of the chart and ask a designer to draw a line showing the trends. She can then type the data manually into an excel sheet.
b. Import the chart into an Excel sheet and change the formatting of the chart to a line chart. She can then copy the corresponding fields into a separate Excel file and send it over.
c. Change chart type to a line chart and type all the values into an Excel file.
d. Use the Trendline feature to create a line showing the trends and copy the data from the Excel sheet field which opens up on clicking Edit Data.
Question:You want to add an image as the first character in your paragraph. Which type of text wrapping treats your graphic as if it were a character?
a. Through
b. Square
c. In Font of Text
d. In Line with Text
Question: Roger was editing a Word document, when his mobile phone rang. By mistake, some button got clicked on the Word 2010 Ribbon area, so that the document's appearance changed from Image A to Image B. Which of the following options could be the cause?
a. Margins were activated on the document.
b. Tables with maximum number of rows and columns was added to the document.
c. Gridlines were enabled from the Page Layout Tab.
d. A preset Watermark was inserted.
Question:A particular chart layout can be applied to a chart only if:
a. it has been saved as a template in the Charts Template folder.
b. it has been set as the default chart.
c. it is a 2D chart.
d. it is a 3D chart.
Question:Choose the INCORRECT statement:
a. Only high-risk documents from an uncertain location are opened in Read-Only view.
b. All documents that contain macros open in Read-Only view.
Question:Microsoft Word 2010 has enabled ligatures for which of the following fonts?
a. Open Type fonts
b. True Type fonts
Question:With which chart type(s) is the "Depth Gridlines" option available?
a. Bubble chart
b. Line chart
c. True 3D chart
d. All of the above
Question:Which of the following is NOT an option under File > Print > Microsoft Document Image Writer?
a. PDF
b. TIFF
c. MDI
Question:I want to use the AutoCaption feature for several elements in my document. What type of file format is NOT available in the AutoCaption dialog box?
a. BMP
b. PDF
c. XLS
d. JPG
Question:What view must be used when inserting a subdocument?
a. Print Layout
b. Web Layout
c. Outline
d. Full Screen Reading
Question:Josh is creating a collage for his college project. He has an image - Image A - which he wants to show in different color themes so as to represent different moods in the collage (Images B, C and D). How can Josh achieve this in Microsoft Word 2010?
a. By using Format Painter.
b. By altering the Line Color.
c. By using the Recolor option under Format Picture.
d. This can't be achieved in Microsoft Word 2010.
Question: Which of the following in NOT a type of Section Break?
a. Next Page
b. Linked
c. EvenPage
d. Continuous
Question: Samantha is given an article to proofread. The article runs into hundreds of pages. She is asked to use hyphens to allow words in the article to break between two lines. There is an option in Microsoft Word 2010 which can be used to achieve this result with a single click. Please identify it.
a. Breaks
b. Indentation
c. Orientation
d. Hyphenation
Question: Which of the following options allows you to arrange drawings in your document so they may be moved, kept together, aligned, or formatted more easily?
a. Insert Clip Art
b. Insert Flowchart
c. Insert SmartArt
d. Insert Quick Parts
e. Insert Drawing Canvas
Question:When you apply a theme to a Microsoft Word 2010 document, all the tables, charts, SmartArt graphics, shapes, and other objects are updated to complement one another.
a. True
b. False
Question: My table heading row is not repeating on subsequent pages though I have properly set the header row to repeat. What is one problem that might be causing this behavior?
a. "Allow row to break across pages" is unchecked.
b. My top and bottom margins are too small.
c. There are hard page breaks in my table
Red Is the Answer, What we know is provided
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Tuesday, January 3, 2012
Odesk test answer CSS
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What is CSS?
* CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
* Styles define how to display HTML elements
* Styles were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a problem
* External Style Sheets can save a lot of work
* External Style Sheets are stored in CSS files
Styles Solved a Big Problem
HTML was never intended to contain tags for formatting a document.
HTML was intended to define the content of a document, like:
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
When tags like <font>, and color attributes were added to the HTML 3.2 specification, it started a nightmare for web developers. Development of large web sites, where fonts and color information were added to every single page, became a long and expensive process.
To solve this problem, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) created CSS.
In HTML 4.0, all formatting could be removed from the HTML document, and stored in a separate CSS file.
All browsers support CSS today.
CSS Saves a Lot of Work!
CSS defines HOW HTML elements are to be displayed.
Styles are normally saved in external .css files. External style sheets enable you to change the appearance and layout of all the pages in a Web site, just by editing one single file!
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CSS Syntax
A CSS rule has two main parts: a selector, and one or more declarations:
undefined
The selector is normally the HTML element you want to style.
Each declaration consists of a property and a value.
The property is the style attribute you want to change. Each property has a value.
CSS Example
A CSS declaration always ends with a semicolon, and declaration groups are surrounded by curly brackets:
p {color:red;text-align:center;}
To make the CSS more readable, you can put one declaration on each line, like this:
Example
p
{
color:red;
text-align:center;
}
CSS Comments
Comments are used to explain your code, and may help you when you edit the source code at a later date. Comments are ignored by browsers.
A CSS comment begins with "/*", and ends with "*/", like this:
/*This is a comment*/
p
{
text-align:center;
/*This is another comment*/
color:black;
font-family:arial;
}
CSS Id and Class
The id and class Selectors
In addition to setting a style for a HTML element, CSS allows you to specify your own selectors called "id" and "class".
The id Selector
The id selector is used to specify a style for a single, unique element.
The id selector uses the id attribute of the HTML element, and is defined with a "#".
The style rule below will be applied to the element with id="para1":
Example
#para1
{
text-align:center;
color:red;
}
The class Selector
The class selector is used to specify a style for a group of elements. Unlike the id selector, the class selector is most often used on several elements.
This allows you to set a particular style for many HTML elements with the same class.
The class selector uses the HTML class attribute, and is defined with a "."
In the example below, all HTML elements with class="center" will be center-aligned:
Example
.center {text-align:center;}
You can also specify that only specific HTML elements should be affected by a class.
In the example below, all p elements with class="center" will be center-aligned:
Example
p.center {text-align:center;}
When a browser reads a style sheet, it will format the document according to it.
Three Ways to Insert CSS
There are three ways of inserting a style sheet:
* External style sheet
* Internal style sheet
* Inline style
External Style Sheet
An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many pages. With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire Web site by changing one file. Each page must link to the style sheet using the <link> tag. The <link> tag goes inside the head section:
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css" />
</head>
An external style sheet can be written in any text editor. The file should not contain any html tags. Your style sheet should be saved with a .css extension. An example of a style sheet file is shown below:
hr {color:sienna;}
p {margin-left:20px;}
body {background-image:url("images/back40.gif");}
Remark Do not leave spaces between the property value and the units! "margin-left:20 px" (instead of "margin-left:20px") will work in IE, but not in Firefox or Opera.
Internal Style Sheet
An internal style sheet should be used when a single document has a unique style. You define internal styles in the head section of an HTML page, by using the <style> tag, like this:
<head>
<style type="text/css">
hr {color:sienna;}
p {margin-left:20px;}
body {background-image:url("images/back40.gif");}
</style>
</head>
Inline Styles
An inline style loses many of the advantages of style sheets by mixing content with presentation. Use this method sparingly!
To use inline styles you use the style attribute in the relevant tag. The style attribute can contain any CSS property. The example shows how to change the color and the left margin of a paragraph:
<p style="color:sienna;margin-left:20px">This is a paragraph.</p>
Multiple Style Sheets
If some properties have been set for the same selector in different style sheets, the values will be inherited from the more specific style sheet.
For example, an external style sheet has these properties for the h3 selector:
h3
{
color:red;
text-align:left;
font-size:8pt;
}
And an internal style sheet has these properties for the h3 selector:
h3
{
text-align:right;
font-size:20pt;
}
If the page with the internal style sheet also links to the external style sheet the properties for h3 will be:
color:red;
text-align:right;
font-size:20pt;
The color is inherited from the external style sheet and the text-alignment and the font-size is replaced by the internal style sheet.
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Multiple Styles Will Cascade into One
Styles can be specified:
* inside an HTML element
* inside the head section of an HTML page
* in an external CSS file
Tip: Even multiple external style sheets can be referenced inside a single HTML document.
Cascading order
What style will be used when there is more than one style specified for an HTML element?
Generally speaking we can say that all the styles will "cascade" into a new "virtual" style sheet by the following rules, where number four has the highest priority:
1. Browser default
2. External style sheet
3. Internal style sheet (in the head section)
4. Inline style (inside an HTML element)
So, an inline style (inside an HTML element) has the highest priority, which means that it will override a style defined inside the <head> tag, or in an external style sheet, or in a browser (a default value).
Remark Note: If the link to the external style sheet is placed after the internal style sheet in HTML <head>, the external style sheet will override the internal style sheet!
CSS Background
Background Color
The background-color property specifies the background color of an element.
The background color of a page is defined in the body selector:
Example
body {background-color:#b0c4de;}
With CSS, a color is most often specified by:
* a HEX value - like "#ff0000"
* an RGB value - like "rgb(255,0,0)"
* a color name - like "red"
In the example below, the h1, p, and div elements have different background colors:
Example
h1 {background-color:#6495ed;}
p {background-color:#e0ffff;}
div {background-color:#b0c4de;}
Background Image
The background-image property specifies an image to use as the background of an element.
By default, the image is repeated so it covers the entire element.
The background image for a page can be set like this:
Example
body {background-image:url('paper.gif');}
Below is an example of a bad combination of text and background image. The text is almost not readable:
Example
body {background-image:url('bgdesert.jpg');}
Background Image - Repeat Horizontally or Vertically
By default, the background-image property repeats an image both horizontally and vertically.
Some images should be repeated only horizontally or vertically, or they will look strange, like this:
Example
body
{
background-image:url('gradient2.png');
}
If the image is repeated only horizontally (repeat-x), the background will look better:
Example
body
{
background-image:url('gradient2.png');
background-repeat:repeat-x;
}
Background Image - Set position and no-repeat
Remark When using a background image, use an image that does not disturb the text.
Showing the image only once is specified by the background-repeat property:
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Example
body
{
background-image:url('img_tree.png');
background-repeat:no-repeat;
}
In the example above, the background image is shown in the same place as the text. We want to change the position of the image, so that it does not disturb the text too much.
The position of the image is specified by the background-position property:
Example
body
{
background-image:url('img_tree.png');
background-repeat:no-repeat;
background-position:right top;
}
Background - Shorthand property
As you can see from the examples above, there are many properties to consider when dealing with backgrounds.
To shorten the code, it is also possible to specify all the properties in one single property. This is called a shorthand property.
The shorthand property for background is simply "background":
Example
body {background:#ffffff url('img_tree.png') no-repeat right top;}
When using the shorthand property the order of the property values are:
* background-color
* background-image
* background-repeat
* background-attachment
* background-position
It does not matter if one of the property values is missing, as long as the ones that are present are in this order.
More Examples
CSS background Property
Example
How to specify all the background properties in one declaration:
body
{
background: #00ff00 url('smiley.gif') no-repeat fixed center;
}
Definition and Usage
The background shorthand property sets all the background properties in one declaration.
The properties that can be set, are (in order): background-color, background-image, background-repeat, background-attachment, and background-position.
It does not matter if one of the values above are missing, e.g. background:#ff0000 url('smiley.gif'); is allowed.
Default value: not specified
Inherited: no
Version: CSS1
JavaScript syntax: object.style.background="white url(paper.gif) repeat-y"
Browser Support
Internet Explorer Firefox Opera Google Chrome Safari
The background property is supported in all major browsers.
Note: The value "inherit" is not supported in IE7 and earlier. IE8 requires a !DOCTYPE. IE9 supports "inherit".
CSS background-color Property
Example
Set the background-color of different elements:
body
{
background-color:yellow;
}
h1
{
background-color:#00ff00;
}
p
{
background-color:rgb(255,0,255);
}
Definition and Usage
The background-color property sets the background color of an element.
The background of an element is the total size of the element, including padding and border (but not the margin).
Default value: transparent
Inherited: no
Version: CSS1
JavaScript syntax: object.style.backgroundColor="#00FF00"
Browser Support
Internet Explorer Firefox Opera Google Chrome Safari
The background-color property is supported in all major browsers.
Note: The value "inherit" is not supported in IE7 and earlier. IE8 requires a !DOCTYPE. IE9 supports "inherit".
CSS background-image Property
Example
Set a background-image for the body element:
body
{
background-image:url('paper.gif');
}
Definition and Usage
The background-image property sets the background image for an element.
The background of an element is the total size of the element, including padding and border (but not the margin).
By default, a background-image is placed at the top-left corner of an element, and repeated both vertically and horizontally.
Default value: none
Inherited: no
Version: CSS1
JavaScript syntax: object.style.backgroundImage="url(stars.gif)"
Browser Support
Internet Explorer Firefox Opera Google Chrome Safari
The background-image property is supported in all major browsers.
Note: The value "inherit" is not supported in IE7 and earlier. IE8 requires a !DOCTYPE. IE9 supports "inherit".
Tips and Notes
Tip: Always set a background-color to be used if the image is unavailable.
Property Values
Value Description
url('URL') The URL to the image
none No background image will be displayed. This is default
inherit Specifies that the background image should be inherited from the parent element
CSS background-repeat Property
Example
Repeat a background-image only vertically:
body
{
background-image:url('paper.gif');
background-repeat:repeat-y;
}
Definition and Usage
The background-repeat property sets if/how a background image will be repeated.
By default, a background-image is repeated both vertically and horizontally.
Default value: repeat
Inherited: no
Version: CSS1
JavaScript syntax: object.style.backgroundRepeat="repeat-y"
Browser Support
Internet Explorer Firefox Opera Google Chrome Safari
The background-repeat property is supported in all major browsers.
Note: The value "inherit" is not supported in IE7 and earlier. IE8 requires a !DOCTYPE. IE9 supports "inherit".
Tips and Notes
Tip: The background image is placed according to the background-position property. If no background-position is specified, the image is always placed at the element’s top left corner.
Property Values
Value Description
repeat The background image will be repeated both vertically and horizontally. This is default
repeat-x The background image will be repeated only horizontally
repeat-y The background image will be repeated only vertically
no-repeat The background-image will not be repeated
inherit Specifies that the setting of the background-repeat property should be inherited from the parent element
CSS background-attachment Property
Example
How to specify a fixed background-image:
body
{
background-image:url('smiley.gif');
background-repeat:no-repeat;
background-attachment:fixed;
}
Definition and Usage
The background-attachment property sets whether a background image is fixed or scrolls with the rest of the page.
Default value: scroll
Inherited: no
Version: CSS1
JavaScript syntax: object.style.backgroundAttachment="fixed"
Browser Support
Internet Explorer Firefox Opera Google Chrome Safari
The background-attachment property is supported in all major browsers.
Note: The value "inherit" is not supported in IE7 and earlier. IE8 requires a !DOCTYPE. IE9 supports "inherit".
Property Values
Value Description
scroll The background image scrolls with the rest of the page. This is default
fixed The background image is fixed
inherit Specifies that the setting of the background-attachment property should be inherited from the parent element
CSS background-position Property
Example
How to position a background-image:
body
{
background-image:url('smiley.gif');
background-repeat:no-repeat;
background-attachment:fixed;
background-position:center;
}
Definition and Usage
The background-position property sets the starting position of a background image.
Note: For this to work in Firefox and Opera, the background-attachment property must be set to "fixed".
Default value: 0% 0%
Inherited: no
Version: CSS1
JavaScript syntax: object.style.backgroundPosition="center"
Browser Support
Internet Explorer Firefox Opera Google Chrome Safari
The background-position property is supported in all major browsers.
Note: The value "inherit" is not supported in IE7 and earlier. IE8 requires a !DOCTYPE. IE9 supports "inherit".
Property Values
Value Description
left top
left center
left bottom
right top
right center
right bottom
center top
center center
center bottom If you only specify one keyword, the other value will be "center"
x% y% The first value is the horizontal position and the second value is the vertical. The top left corner is 0% 0%. The right bottom corner is 100% 100%. If you only specify one value, the other value will be 50%. . Default value is: 0% 0%
xpos ypos The first value is the horizontal position and the second value is the vertical. The top left corner is 0 0. Units can be pixels (0px 0px) or any other CSS units. If you only specify one value, the other value will be 50%. You can mix % and positions
inherit Specifies that the setting of the background-position property should be inherited from the parent element
CSS Text
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text formatting
This text is styled with some of the text formatting properties. The heading uses the text-align, text-transform, and color properties. The paragraph is indented, aligned, and the space between characters is specified. The underline is removed from the "Try it yourself" link.
Text Color
The color property is used to set the color of the text.
With CSS, a color is most often specified by:
* a HEX value - like "#ff0000"
* an RGB value - like "rgb(255,0,0)"
* a color name - like "red"
The default color for a page is defined in the body selector.
Example
body {color:blue;}
h1 {color:#00ff00;}
h2 {color:rgb(255,0,0);}
For W3C compliant CSS: If you define the color property, you must also define the background-color property.
Text Alignment
The text-align property is used to set the horizontal alignment of a text.
Text can be centered, or aligned to the left or right, or justified.
When text-align is set to "justify", each line is stretched so that every line has equal width, and the left and right margins are straight (like in magazines and newspapers).
Example
h1 {text-align:center;}
p.date {text-align:right;}
p.main {text-align:justify;}
Text Decoration
The text-decoration property is used to set or remove decorations from text.
The text-decoration property is mostly used to remove underlines from links for design purposes:
Example
a {text-decoration:none;}
It can also be used to decorate text:
Example
h1 {text-decoration:overline;}
h2 {text-decoration:line-through;}
h3 {text-decoration:underline;}
h4 {text-decoration:blink;}
It is not recommended to underline text that is not a link, as this often confuses users.
Text Transformation
The text-transform property is used to specify uppercase and lowercase letters in a text.
It can be used to turn everything into uppercase or lowercase letters, or capitalize the first letter of each word.
Example
p.uppercase {text-transform:uppercase;}
p.lowercase {text-transform:lowercase;}
p.capitalize {text-transform:capitalize;}
Text Indentation
The text-indentation property is used to specify the indentation of the first line of a text.
Example
p {text-indent:50px;}
All CSS Text Properties
Property Description
color Sets the color of text
direction Specifies the text direction/writing direction
letter-spacing Increases or decreases the space between characters in a text
line-height Sets the line height
text-align Specifies the horizontal alignment of text
text-decoration Specifies the decoration added to text
text-indent Specifies the indentation of the first line in a text-block
text-shadow Specifies the shadow effect added to text
text-transform Controls the capitalization of text
unicode-bidi
vertical-align Sets the vertical alignment of an element
white-space Specifies how white-space inside an element is handled
word-spacing Increases or decreases the space between words in a text
CSS Font
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CSS font properties define the font family, boldness, size, and the style of a text.
Difference Between Serif and Sans-serif Fonts
Serif vs. Sans-serifRemark On computer screens, sans-serif fonts are considered easier to read than serif fonts.
CSS Font Families
In CSS, there are two types of font family names:
* generic family - a group of font families with a similar look (like "Serif" or "Monospace")
* font family - a specific font family (like "Times New Roman" or "Arial")
Generic family Font family Description
Serif Times New Roman
Georgia Serif fonts have small lines at the ends on some characters
Sans-serif Arial
Verdana "Sans" means without - these fonts do not have the lines at the ends of characters
Monospace Courier New
Lucida Console All monospace characters have the same width
Font Family
The font family of a text is set with the font-family property.
The font-family property should hold several font names as a "fallback" system. If the browser does not support the first font, it tries the next font.
Start with the font you want, and end with a generic family, to let the browser pick a similar font in the generic family, if no other fonts are available.
Note: If the name of a font family is more than one word, it must be in quotation marks, like font-family: "Times New Roman".
More than one font family is specified in a comma-separated list:
Example
p{font-family:"Times New Roman", Times, serif;}
Font Style
The font-style property is mostly used to specify italic text.
This property has three values:
* normal - The text is shown normally
* italic - The text is shown in italics
* oblique - The text is "leaning" (oblique is very similar to italic, but less supported)
Example
p.normal {font-style:normal;}
p.italic {font-style:italic;}
p.oblique {font-style:oblique;}
Font Size
The font-size property sets the size of the text.
Being able to manage the text size is important in web design. However, you should not use font size adjustments to make paragraphs look like headings, or headings look like paragraphs.
Always use the proper HTML tags, like <h1> - <h6> for headings and <p> for paragraphs.
The font-size value can be an absolute, or relative size.
Absolute size:
* Sets the text to a specified size
* Does not allow a user to change the text size in all browsers (bad for accessibility reasons)
* Absolute size is useful when the physical size of the output is known
Relative size:
* Sets the size relative to surrounding elements
* Allows a user to change the text size in browsers
Remark If you do not specify a font size, the default size for normal text, like paragraphs, is 16px (16px=1em).
Set Font Size With Pixels
Setting the text size with pixels, gives you full control over the text size:
Example
h1 {font-size:40px;}
h2 {font-size:30px;}
p {font-size:14px;}
The example above allows Firefox, Chrome, and Safari to resize the text, but not Internet Explorer.
The text can be resized in all browsers using the zoom tool (however, this resizes the entire page, not just the text).
Set Font Size With Em
To avoid the resizing problem with Internet Explorer, many developers use em instead of pixels.
The em size unit is recommended by the W3C.
1em is equal to the current font size. The default text size in browsers is 16px. So, the default size of 1em is 16px.
The size can be calculated from pixels to em using this formula: pixels/16=em
Example
h1 {font-size:2.5em;} /* 40px/16=2.5em */
h2 {font-size:1.875em;} /* 30px/16=1.875em */
p {font-size:0.875em;} /* 14px/16=0.875em */
In the example above, the text size in em is the same as the previous example in pixels. However, with the em size, it is possible to adjust the text size in all browsers.
Unfortunately, there is still a problem with IE. When resizing the text, it becomes larger than it should when made larger, and smaller than it should when made smaller.
Use a Combination of Percent and Em
The solution that works in all browsers, is to set a default font-size in percent for the body element:
Example
body {font-size:100%;}
h1 {font-size:2.5em;}
h2 {font-size:1.875em;}
p {font-size:0.875em;}
All CSS Font Properties
Property Description
font Sets all the font properties in one declaration
font-family Specifies the font family for text
font-size Specifies the font size of text
font-style Specifies the font style for text
font-variant Specifies whether or not a text should be displayed in a small-caps font
font-weight Specifies the weight of a font
CSS Links
Styling Links
Links can be styled with any CSS property (e.g. color, font-family, background, etc.).
Special for links are that they can be styled differently depending on what state they are in.
The four links states are:
* a:link - a normal, unvisited link
* a:visited - a link the user has visited
* a:hover - a link when the user mouses over it
* a:active - a link the moment it is clicked
Example
a:link {color:#FF0000;} /* unvisited link */
a:visited {color:#00FF00;} /* visited link */
a:hover {color:#FF00FF;} /* mouse over link */
a:active {color:#0000FF;} /* selected link */
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When setting the style for several link states, there are some order rules:
* a:hover MUST come after a:link and a:visited
* a:active MUST come after a:hover
Common Link Styles
In the example above the link changes color depending on what state it is in.
Lets go through some of the other common ways to style links:
Text Decoration
The text-decoration property is mostly used to remove underlines from links:
Example
a:link {text-decoration:none;}
a:visited {text-decoration:none;}
a:hover {text-decoration:underline;}
a:active {text-decoration:underline;}
Background Color
The background-color property specifies the background color for links:
Example
a:link {background-color:#B2FF99;}
a:visited {background-color:#FFFF85;}
a:hover {background-color:#FF704D;}
a:active {background-color:#FF704D;}
CSS Lists
The CSS list properties allow you to:
* Set different list item markers for ordered lists
* Set different list item markers for unordered lists
* Set an image as the list item marker
List
In HTML, there are two types of lists:
* unordered lists - the list items are marked with bullets
* ordered lists - the list items are marked with numbers or letters
With CSS, lists can be styled further, and images can be used as the list item marker.
Different List Item Markers
The type of list item marker is specified with the list-style-type property:
Example
ul.a {list-style-type: circle;}
ul.b {list-style-type: square;}
ol.c {list-style-type: upper-roman;}
ol.d {list-style-type: lower-alpha;}
An Image as The List Item Marker
To specify an image as the list item marker, use the list-style-image property:
Example
ul
{
list-style-image: url('sqpurple.gif');
}
The example above does not display equally in all browsers. IE and Opera will display the image-marker a little bit higher than Firefox, Chrome, and Safari.
If you want the image-marker to be placed equally in all browsers, a crossbrowser solution is explained below.
Crossbrowser Solution
The following example displays the image-marker equally in all browsers:
Example
ul
{
list-style-type: none;
padding: 0px;
margin: 0px;
}
li
{
background-image: url(sqpurple.gif);
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: 0px 5px;
padding-left: 14px;
}
Example explained:
* For ul:
o Set the list-style-type to none to remove the list item marker
o Set both padding and margin to 0px (for cross-browser compatibility)
* For li:
o Set the URL of the image, and show it only once (no-repeat)
o Position the image where you want it (left 0px and down 5px)
o Position the text in the list with padding-left
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List - Shorthand property
It is also possible to specify all the list properties in one, single property. This is called a shorthand property.
The shorthand property used for lists, is the list-style property:
Example
ul
{
list-style: square url("sqpurple.gif");
}
When using the shorthand property, the order of the values are:
* list-style-type
* list-style-position (for a description, see the CSS properties table below)
* list-style-image
It does not matter if one of the values above are missing, as long as the rest are in the specified order.
All CSS List Properties
CSS list-style Property
Example
Specify all the list properties in one declaration:
ul
{
list-style:square url("sqpurple.gif");
}
Definition and Usage
The list-style shorthand property sets all the list properties in one declaration.
The properties that can be set, are (in order): list-style-type, list-style-position, list-style-image.
If one of the values above are missing, e.g. "list-style:circle inside;", the default value for the missing property will be inserted, if any.
Default value: disc outside none
Inherited: yes
Version: CSS1
JavaScript syntax: object.style.listStyle="decimal inside"
Browser Support
Internet Explorer Firefox Opera Google Chrome Safari
The list-style-image property is supported in all major browsers.
Note: The value "inherit" is not supported in IE7 and earlier. IE8 requires a !DOCTYPE. IE9 supports "inherit".
CSS list-style-image Property
Example
Specify an image as the list-item marker in a list:
ul
{
list-style-image:url("/images/blueball.gif");
list-style-type:square;
}
Definition and Usage
The list-style-image property replaces the list-item marker with an image.
Note: Always specify the list-style-type property in addition. This property is used if the image for some reason is unavailable.
Default value: none
Inherited: yes
Version: CSS1
JavaScript syntax: object.style.listStyleImage="url('/images/blueball.gif')"
Browser Support
Internet Explorer Firefox Opera Google Chrome Safari
The list-style-image property is supported in all major browsers.
Note: The value "inherit" is not supported in IE7 and earlier. IE8 requires a !DOCTYPE. IE9 supports "inherit".
Property Values
Value Description
url The path to the image to be used as a list-item marker
none No image will be displayed. Instead, the list-style-type property will define what type of list marker will be rendered. This is default
inherit Specifies that the value of the list-style-image property should be inherited from the parent element
CSS list-style-position Property
Example
Specify that the the list-item markers should appear inside the content flow (results in an extra indentation):
ul
{
list-style-position:inside;
}
Definition and Usage
The list-style-position property specifies if the list-item markers should appear inside or outside the content flow.
Outside:
* Coffee
* Tea
* Coca-cola
Inside:
* Coffee
* Tea
* Coca-cola
Default value: outside
Inherited: yes
Version: CSS1
JavaScript syntax: object.style.listStylePosition="inside"
Browser Support
Internet Explorer Firefox Opera Google Chrome Safari
The list-style-position property is supported in all major browsers.
Note: The value "inherit" is not supported in IE7 and earlier. IE8 requires a !DOCTYPE. IE9 supports "inherit".
Property Values
Value Description
inside Indents the marker and the text. The bullets appear inside the content flow
outside Keeps the marker to the left of the text. The bullets appears outside the content flow. This is default
inherit Specifies that the value of the list-style-position property should be inherited from the parent element
CSS list-style-type Property
Example
Set some different list styles:
ul.circle {list-style-type:circle}
ul.square {list-style-type:square}
ol.upper-roman {list-style-type:upper-roman}
ol.lower-alpha {list-style-type:lower-alpha}
Definition and Usage
The list-style-type specifies the type of list-item marker in a list.
Default value: "disc" for <ul> and "decimal" for <ol>
Inherited: yes
Version: CSS1
JavaScript syntax: object.style.listStyleType="square"
Browser Support
Internet Explorer Firefox Opera Google Chrome Safari
The list-style-type property is supported in all major browsers.
Note: IE9 and Opera 11 do not support: cjk-ideographic, hebrew, hiragana, hiragana-iroha, katakana, and katakana-iroha.
Note: IE8, and earlier, only support the property values: decimal-leading-zero, lower-greek, lower-latin, upper-latin, armenian, georgian, and inherit if a DOCTYPE is specified!
Property Values
Value Description
armenian The marker is traditional Armenian numbering
circle The marker is a circle
cjk-ideographic The marker is plain ideographic numbers
decimal The marker is a number. This is default for <ol>
decimal-leading-zero The marker is a number with leading zeros (01, 02, 03, etc.)
disc The marker is a filled circle. This is default for <ul>
georgian The marker is traditional Georgian numbering
hebrew The marker is traditional Hebrew numbering
hiragana The marker is traditional Hiragana numbering
hiragana-iroha The marker is traditional Hiragana iroha numbering
inherit The value of the listStyleType property is inherited from parent element
katakana The marker is traditional Katakana numbering
katakana-iroha The marker is traditional Katakana iroha numbering
lower-alpha The marker is lower-alpha (a, b, c, d, e, etc.)
lower-greek The marker is lower-greek
lower-latin The marker is lower-latin (a, b, c, d, e, etc.)
lower-roman The marker is lower-roman (i, ii, iii, iv, v, etc.)
none No marker is shown
square The marker is a square
upper-alpha The marker is upper-alpha (A, B, C, D, E, etc.)
upper-latin The marker is upper-latin (A, B, C, D, E, etc.)
upper-roman The marker is upper-roman (I, II, III, IV, V, etc.)
CSS Tables
Table Borders
To specify table borders in CSS, use the border property.
The example below specifies a black border for table, th, and td elements:
Example
table, th, td
{
border: 1px solid black;
}
Notice that the table in the example above has double borders. This is because both the table, th, and td elements have separate borders.
To display a single border for the table, use the border-collapse property.
Collapse Borders
The border-collapse property sets whether the table borders are collapsed into a single border or separated:
Example
table
{
border-collapse:collapse;
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}
table,th, td
{
border: 1px solid black;
}
Table Width and Height
Width and height of a table is defined by the width and height properties.
The example below sets the width of the table to 100%, and the height of the th elements to 50px:
Example
table
{
width:100%;
}
th
{
height:50px;
}
Table Text Alignment
The text in a table is aligned with the text-align and vertical-align properties.
The text-align property sets the horizontal alignment, like left, right, or center:
Example
td
{
text-align:right;
}
The vertical-align property sets the vertical alignment, like top, bottom, or middle:
Example
td
{
height:50px;
vertical-align:bottom;
}
Table Padding
To control the space between the border and content in a table, use the padding property on td and th elements:
Example
td
{
padding:15px;
}
Table Color
The example below specifies the color of the borders, and the text and background color of th elements:
Example
table, td, th
{
border:1px solid green;
}
th
{
background-color:green;
color:white;
}
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Css test answer of odesk
test yourselfWhat is CSS?
* CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
* Styles define how to display HTML elements
* Styles were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a problem
* External Style Sheets can save a lot of work
* External Style Sheets are stored in CSS files
Styles Solved a Big Problem
HTML was never intended to contain tags for formatting a document.
HTML was intended to define the content of a document, like:
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
When tags like <font>, and color attributes were added to the HTML 3.2 specification, it started a nightmare for web developers. Development of large web sites, where fonts and color information were added to every single page, became a long and expensive process.
To solve this problem, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) created CSS.
In HTML 4.0, all formatting could be removed from the HTML document, and stored in a separate CSS file.
All browsers support CSS today.
CSS Saves a Lot of Work!
CSS defines HOW HTML elements are to be displayed.
Styles are normally saved in external .css files. External style sheets enable you to change the appearance and layout of all the pages in a Web site, just by editing one single file!
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CSS Syntax
A CSS rule has two main parts: a selector, and one or more declarations:
undefined
The selector is normally the HTML element you want to style.
Each declaration consists of a property and a value.
The property is the style attribute you want to change. Each property has a value.
CSS Example
A CSS declaration always ends with a semicolon, and declaration groups are surrounded by curly brackets:
p {color:red;text-align:center;}
To make the CSS more readable, you can put one declaration on each line, like this:
Example
p
{
color:red;
text-align:center;
}
CSS Comments
Comments are used to explain your code, and may help you when you edit the source code at a later date. Comments are ignored by browsers.
A CSS comment begins with "/*", and ends with "*/", like this:
/*This is a comment*/
p
{
text-align:center;
/*This is another comment*/
color:black;
font-family:arial;
}
CSS Id and Class
The id and class Selectors
In addition to setting a style for a HTML element, CSS allows you to specify your own selectors called "id" and "class".
The id Selector
The id selector is used to specify a style for a single, unique element.
The id selector uses the id attribute of the HTML element, and is defined with a "#".
The style rule below will be applied to the element with id="para1":
Example
#para1
{
text-align:center;
color:red;
}
The class Selector
The class selector is used to specify a style for a group of elements. Unlike the id selector, the class selector is most often used on several elements.
This allows you to set a particular style for many HTML elements with the same class.
The class selector uses the HTML class attribute, and is defined with a "."
In the example below, all HTML elements with class="center" will be center-aligned:
Example
.center {text-align:center;}
You can also specify that only specific HTML elements should be affected by a class.
In the example below, all p elements with class="center" will be center-aligned:
Example
p.center {text-align:center;}
When a browser reads a style sheet, it will format the document according to it.
Three Ways to Insert CSS
There are three ways of inserting a style sheet:
* External style sheet
* Internal style sheet
* Inline style
External Style Sheet
An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many pages. With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire Web site by changing one file. Each page must link to the style sheet using the <link> tag. The <link> tag goes inside the head section:
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css" />
</head>
An external style sheet can be written in any text editor. The file should not contain any html tags. Your style sheet should be saved with a .css extension. An example of a style sheet file is shown below:
hr {color:sienna;}
p {margin-left:20px;}
body {background-image:url("images/back40.gif");}
Remark Do not leave spaces between the property value and the units! "margin-left:20 px" (instead of "margin-left:20px") will work in IE, but not in Firefox or Opera.
Internal Style Sheet
An internal style sheet should be used when a single document has a unique style. You define internal styles in the head section of an HTML page, by using the <style> tag, like this:
<head>
<style type="text/css">
hr {color:sienna;}
p {margin-left:20px;}
body {background-image:url("images/back40.gif");}
</style>
</head>
Inline Styles
An inline style loses many of the advantages of style sheets by mixing content with presentation. Use this method sparingly!
To use inline styles you use the style attribute in the relevant tag. The style attribute can contain any CSS property. The example shows how to change the color and the left margin of a paragraph:
<p style="color:sienna;margin-left:20px">This is a paragraph.</p>
Multiple Style Sheets
If some properties have been set for the same selector in different style sheets, the values will be inherited from the more specific style sheet.
For example, an external style sheet has these properties for the h3 selector:
h3
{
color:red;
text-align:left;
font-size:8pt;
}
And an internal style sheet has these properties for the h3 selector:
h3
{
text-align:right;
font-size:20pt;
}
If the page with the internal style sheet also links to the external style sheet the properties for h3 will be:
color:red;
text-align:right;
font-size:20pt;
The color is inherited from the external style sheet and the text-alignment and the font-size is replaced by the internal style sheet.
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Multiple Styles Will Cascade into One
Styles can be specified:
* inside an HTML element
* inside the head section of an HTML page
* in an external CSS file
Tip: Even multiple external style sheets can be referenced inside a single HTML document.
Cascading order
What style will be used when there is more than one style specified for an HTML element?
Generally speaking we can say that all the styles will "cascade" into a new "virtual" style sheet by the following rules, where number four has the highest priority:
1. Browser default
2. External style sheet
3. Internal style sheet (in the head section)
4. Inline style (inside an HTML element)
So, an inline style (inside an HTML element) has the highest priority, which means that it will override a style defined inside the <head> tag, or in an external style sheet, or in a browser (a default value).
Remark Note: If the link to the external style sheet is placed after the internal style sheet in HTML <head>, the external style sheet will override the internal style sheet!
CSS Background
Background Color
The background-color property specifies the background color of an element.
The background color of a page is defined in the body selector:
Example
body {background-color:#b0c4de;}
With CSS, a color is most often specified by:
* a HEX value - like "#ff0000"
* an RGB value - like "rgb(255,0,0)"
* a color name - like "red"
In the example below, the h1, p, and div elements have different background colors:
Example
h1 {background-color:#6495ed;}
p {background-color:#e0ffff;}
div {background-color:#b0c4de;}
Background Image
The background-image property specifies an image to use as the background of an element.
By default, the image is repeated so it covers the entire element.
The background image for a page can be set like this:
Example
body {background-image:url('paper.gif');}
Below is an example of a bad combination of text and background image. The text is almost not readable:
Example
body {background-image:url('bgdesert.jpg');}
Background Image - Repeat Horizontally or Vertically
By default, the background-image property repeats an image both horizontally and vertically.
Some images should be repeated only horizontally or vertically, or they will look strange, like this:
Example
body
{
background-image:url('gradient2.png');
}
If the image is repeated only horizontally (repeat-x), the background will look better:
Example
body
{
background-image:url('gradient2.png');
background-repeat:repeat-x;
}
Background Image - Set position and no-repeat
Remark When using a background image, use an image that does not disturb the text.
Showing the image only once is specified by the background-repeat property:
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Example
body
{
background-image:url('img_tree.png');
background-repeat:no-repeat;
}
In the example above, the background image is shown in the same place as the text. We want to change the position of the image, so that it does not disturb the text too much.
The position of the image is specified by the background-position property:
Example
body
{
background-image:url('img_tree.png');
background-repeat:no-repeat;
background-position:right top;
}
Background - Shorthand property
As you can see from the examples above, there are many properties to consider when dealing with backgrounds.
To shorten the code, it is also possible to specify all the properties in one single property. This is called a shorthand property.
The shorthand property for background is simply "background":
Example
body {background:#ffffff url('img_tree.png') no-repeat right top;}
When using the shorthand property the order of the property values are:
* background-color
* background-image
* background-repeat
* background-attachment
* background-position
It does not matter if one of the property values is missing, as long as the ones that are present are in this order.
More Examples
CSS background Property
Example
How to specify all the background properties in one declaration:
body
{
background: #00ff00 url('smiley.gif') no-repeat fixed center;
}
Definition and Usage
The background shorthand property sets all the background properties in one declaration.
The properties that can be set, are (in order): background-color, background-image, background-repeat, background-attachment, and background-position.
It does not matter if one of the values above are missing, e.g. background:#ff0000 url('smiley.gif'); is allowed.
Default value: not specified
Inherited: no
Version: CSS1
JavaScript syntax: object.style.background="white url(paper.gif) repeat-y"
Browser Support
Internet Explorer Firefox Opera Google Chrome Safari
The background property is supported in all major browsers.
Note: The value "inherit" is not supported in IE7 and earlier. IE8 requires a !DOCTYPE. IE9 supports "inherit".
CSS background-color Property
Example
Set the background-color of different elements:
body
{
background-color:yellow;
}
h1
{
background-color:#00ff00;
}
p
{
background-color:rgb(255,0,255);
}
Definition and Usage
The background-color property sets the background color of an element.
The background of an element is the total size of the element, including padding and border (but not the margin).
Default value: transparent
Inherited: no
Version: CSS1
JavaScript syntax: object.style.backgroundColor="#00FF00"
Browser Support
Internet Explorer Firefox Opera Google Chrome Safari
The background-color property is supported in all major browsers.
Note: The value "inherit" is not supported in IE7 and earlier. IE8 requires a !DOCTYPE. IE9 supports "inherit".
CSS background-image Property
Example
Set a background-image for the body element:
body
{
background-image:url('paper.gif');
}
Definition and Usage
The background-image property sets the background image for an element.
The background of an element is the total size of the element, including padding and border (but not the margin).
By default, a background-image is placed at the top-left corner of an element, and repeated both vertically and horizontally.
Default value: none
Inherited: no
Version: CSS1
JavaScript syntax: object.style.backgroundImage="url(stars.gif)"
Browser Support
Internet Explorer Firefox Opera Google Chrome Safari
The background-image property is supported in all major browsers.
Note: The value "inherit" is not supported in IE7 and earlier. IE8 requires a !DOCTYPE. IE9 supports "inherit".
Tips and Notes
Tip: Always set a background-color to be used if the image is unavailable.
Property Values
Value Description
url('URL') The URL to the image
none No background image will be displayed. This is default
inherit Specifies that the background image should be inherited from the parent element
CSS background-repeat Property
Example
Repeat a background-image only vertically:
body
{
background-image:url('paper.gif');
background-repeat:repeat-y;
}
Definition and Usage
The background-repeat property sets if/how a background image will be repeated.
By default, a background-image is repeated both vertically and horizontally.
Default value: repeat
Inherited: no
Version: CSS1
JavaScript syntax: object.style.backgroundRepeat="repeat-y"
Browser Support
Internet Explorer Firefox Opera Google Chrome Safari
The background-repeat property is supported in all major browsers.
Note: The value "inherit" is not supported in IE7 and earlier. IE8 requires a !DOCTYPE. IE9 supports "inherit".
Tips and Notes
Tip: The background image is placed according to the background-position property. If no background-position is specified, the image is always placed at the element’s top left corner.
Property Values
Value Description
repeat The background image will be repeated both vertically and horizontally. This is default
repeat-x The background image will be repeated only horizontally
repeat-y The background image will be repeated only vertically
no-repeat The background-image will not be repeated
inherit Specifies that the setting of the background-repeat property should be inherited from the parent element
CSS background-attachment Property
Example
How to specify a fixed background-image:
body
{
background-image:url('smiley.gif');
background-repeat:no-repeat;
background-attachment:fixed;
}
Definition and Usage
The background-attachment property sets whether a background image is fixed or scrolls with the rest of the page.
Default value: scroll
Inherited: no
Version: CSS1
JavaScript syntax: object.style.backgroundAttachment="fixed"
Browser Support
Internet Explorer Firefox Opera Google Chrome Safari
The background-attachment property is supported in all major browsers.
Note: The value "inherit" is not supported in IE7 and earlier. IE8 requires a !DOCTYPE. IE9 supports "inherit".
Property Values
Value Description
scroll The background image scrolls with the rest of the page. This is default
fixed The background image is fixed
inherit Specifies that the setting of the background-attachment property should be inherited from the parent element
CSS background-position Property
Example
How to position a background-image:
body
{
background-image:url('smiley.gif');
background-repeat:no-repeat;
background-attachment:fixed;
background-position:center;
}
Definition and Usage
The background-position property sets the starting position of a background image.
Note: For this to work in Firefox and Opera, the background-attachment property must be set to "fixed".
Default value: 0% 0%
Inherited: no
Version: CSS1
JavaScript syntax: object.style.backgroundPosition="center"
Browser Support
Internet Explorer Firefox Opera Google Chrome Safari
The background-position property is supported in all major browsers.
Note: The value "inherit" is not supported in IE7 and earlier. IE8 requires a !DOCTYPE. IE9 supports "inherit".
Property Values
Value Description
left top
left center
left bottom
right top
right center
right bottom
center top
center center
center bottom If you only specify one keyword, the other value will be "center"
x% y% The first value is the horizontal position and the second value is the vertical. The top left corner is 0% 0%. The right bottom corner is 100% 100%. If you only specify one value, the other value will be 50%. . Default value is: 0% 0%
xpos ypos The first value is the horizontal position and the second value is the vertical. The top left corner is 0 0. Units can be pixels (0px 0px) or any other CSS units. If you only specify one value, the other value will be 50%. You can mix % and positions
inherit Specifies that the setting of the background-position property should be inherited from the parent element
CSS Text
Posted by odesk test solution
text formatting
This text is styled with some of the text formatting properties. The heading uses the text-align, text-transform, and color properties. The paragraph is indented, aligned, and the space between characters is specified. The underline is removed from the "Try it yourself" link.
Text Color
The color property is used to set the color of the text.
With CSS, a color is most often specified by:
* a HEX value - like "#ff0000"
* an RGB value - like "rgb(255,0,0)"
* a color name - like "red"
The default color for a page is defined in the body selector.
Example
body {color:blue;}
h1 {color:#00ff00;}
h2 {color:rgb(255,0,0);}
For W3C compliant CSS: If you define the color property, you must also define the background-color property.
Text Alignment
The text-align property is used to set the horizontal alignment of a text.
Text can be centered, or aligned to the left or right, or justified.
When text-align is set to "justify", each line is stretched so that every line has equal width, and the left and right margins are straight (like in magazines and newspapers).
Example
h1 {text-align:center;}
p.date {text-align:right;}
p.main {text-align:justify;}
Text Decoration
The text-decoration property is used to set or remove decorations from text.
The text-decoration property is mostly used to remove underlines from links for design purposes:
Example
a {text-decoration:none;}
It can also be used to decorate text:
Example
h1 {text-decoration:overline;}
h2 {text-decoration:line-through;}
h3 {text-decoration:underline;}
h4 {text-decoration:blink;}
It is not recommended to underline text that is not a link, as this often confuses users.
Text Transformation
The text-transform property is used to specify uppercase and lowercase letters in a text.
It can be used to turn everything into uppercase or lowercase letters, or capitalize the first letter of each word.
Example
p.uppercase {text-transform:uppercase;}
p.lowercase {text-transform:lowercase;}
p.capitalize {text-transform:capitalize;}
Text Indentation
The text-indentation property is used to specify the indentation of the first line of a text.
Example
p {text-indent:50px;}
All CSS Text Properties
Property Description
color Sets the color of text
direction Specifies the text direction/writing direction
letter-spacing Increases or decreases the space between characters in a text
line-height Sets the line height
text-align Specifies the horizontal alignment of text
text-decoration Specifies the decoration added to text
text-indent Specifies the indentation of the first line in a text-block
text-shadow Specifies the shadow effect added to text
text-transform Controls the capitalization of text
unicode-bidi
vertical-align Sets the vertical alignment of an element
white-space Specifies how white-space inside an element is handled
word-spacing Increases or decreases the space between words in a text
CSS Font
Posted by Deepak chauhan
CSS font properties define the font family, boldness, size, and the style of a text.
Difference Between Serif and Sans-serif Fonts
Serif vs. Sans-serifRemark On computer screens, sans-serif fonts are considered easier to read than serif fonts.
CSS Font Families
In CSS, there are two types of font family names:
* generic family - a group of font families with a similar look (like "Serif" or "Monospace")
* font family - a specific font family (like "Times New Roman" or "Arial")
Generic family Font family Description
Serif Times New Roman
Georgia Serif fonts have small lines at the ends on some characters
Sans-serif Arial
Verdana "Sans" means without - these fonts do not have the lines at the ends of characters
Monospace Courier New
Lucida Console All monospace characters have the same width
Font Family
The font family of a text is set with the font-family property.
The font-family property should hold several font names as a "fallback" system. If the browser does not support the first font, it tries the next font.
Start with the font you want, and end with a generic family, to let the browser pick a similar font in the generic family, if no other fonts are available.
Note: If the name of a font family is more than one word, it must be in quotation marks, like font-family: "Times New Roman".
More than one font family is specified in a comma-separated list:
Example
p{font-family:"Times New Roman", Times, serif;}
Font Style
The font-style property is mostly used to specify italic text.
This property has three values:
* normal - The text is shown normally
* italic - The text is shown in italics
* oblique - The text is "leaning" (oblique is very similar to italic, but less supported)
Example
p.normal {font-style:normal;}
p.italic {font-style:italic;}
p.oblique {font-style:oblique;}
Font Size
The font-size property sets the size of the text.
Being able to manage the text size is important in web design. However, you should not use font size adjustments to make paragraphs look like headings, or headings look like paragraphs.
Always use the proper HTML tags, like <h1> - <h6> for headings and <p> for paragraphs.
The font-size value can be an absolute, or relative size.
Absolute size:
* Sets the text to a specified size
* Does not allow a user to change the text size in all browsers (bad for accessibility reasons)
* Absolute size is useful when the physical size of the output is known
Relative size:
* Sets the size relative to surrounding elements
* Allows a user to change the text size in browsers
Remark If you do not specify a font size, the default size for normal text, like paragraphs, is 16px (16px=1em).
Set Font Size With Pixels
Setting the text size with pixels, gives you full control over the text size:
Example
h1 {font-size:40px;}
h2 {font-size:30px;}
p {font-size:14px;}
The example above allows Firefox, Chrome, and Safari to resize the text, but not Internet Explorer.
The text can be resized in all browsers using the zoom tool (however, this resizes the entire page, not just the text).
Set Font Size With Em
To avoid the resizing problem with Internet Explorer, many developers use em instead of pixels.
The em size unit is recommended by the W3C.
1em is equal to the current font size. The default text size in browsers is 16px. So, the default size of 1em is 16px.
The size can be calculated from pixels to em using this formula: pixels/16=em
Example
h1 {font-size:2.5em;} /* 40px/16=2.5em */
h2 {font-size:1.875em;} /* 30px/16=1.875em */
p {font-size:0.875em;} /* 14px/16=0.875em */
In the example above, the text size in em is the same as the previous example in pixels. However, with the em size, it is possible to adjust the text size in all browsers.
Unfortunately, there is still a problem with IE. When resizing the text, it becomes larger than it should when made larger, and smaller than it should when made smaller.
Use a Combination of Percent and Em
The solution that works in all browsers, is to set a default font-size in percent for the body element:
Example
body {font-size:100%;}
h1 {font-size:2.5em;}
h2 {font-size:1.875em;}
p {font-size:0.875em;}
All CSS Font Properties
Property Description
font Sets all the font properties in one declaration
font-family Specifies the font family for text
font-size Specifies the font size of text
font-style Specifies the font style for text
font-variant Specifies whether or not a text should be displayed in a small-caps font
font-weight Specifies the weight of a font
CSS Links
Styling Links
Links can be styled with any CSS property (e.g. color, font-family, background, etc.).
Special for links are that they can be styled differently depending on what state they are in.
The four links states are:
* a:link - a normal, unvisited link
* a:visited - a link the user has visited
* a:hover - a link when the user mouses over it
* a:active - a link the moment it is clicked
Example
a:link {color:#FF0000;} /* unvisited link */
a:visited {color:#00FF00;} /* visited link */
a:hover {color:#FF00FF;} /* mouse over link */
a:active {color:#0000FF;} /* selected link */
Posted by Deepak chauhan
When setting the style for several link states, there are some order rules:
* a:hover MUST come after a:link and a:visited
* a:active MUST come after a:hover
Common Link Styles
In the example above the link changes color depending on what state it is in.
Lets go through some of the other common ways to style links:
Text Decoration
The text-decoration property is mostly used to remove underlines from links:
Example
a:link {text-decoration:none;}
a:visited {text-decoration:none;}
a:hover {text-decoration:underline;}
a:active {text-decoration:underline;}
Background Color
The background-color property specifies the background color for links:
Example
a:link {background-color:#B2FF99;}
a:visited {background-color:#FFFF85;}
a:hover {background-color:#FF704D;}
a:active {background-color:#FF704D;}
CSS Lists
The CSS list properties allow you to:
* Set different list item markers for ordered lists
* Set different list item markers for unordered lists
* Set an image as the list item marker
List
In HTML, there are two types of lists:
* unordered lists - the list items are marked with bullets
* ordered lists - the list items are marked with numbers or letters
With CSS, lists can be styled further, and images can be used as the list item marker.
Different List Item Markers
The type of list item marker is specified with the list-style-type property:
Example
ul.a {list-style-type: circle;}
ul.b {list-style-type: square;}
ol.c {list-style-type: upper-roman;}
ol.d {list-style-type: lower-alpha;}
An Image as The List Item Marker
To specify an image as the list item marker, use the list-style-image property:
Example
ul
{
list-style-image: url('sqpurple.gif');
}
The example above does not display equally in all browsers. IE and Opera will display the image-marker a little bit higher than Firefox, Chrome, and Safari.
If you want the image-marker to be placed equally in all browsers, a crossbrowser solution is explained below.
Crossbrowser Solution
The following example displays the image-marker equally in all browsers:
Example
ul
{
list-style-type: none;
padding: 0px;
margin: 0px;
}
li
{
background-image: url(sqpurple.gif);
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: 0px 5px;
padding-left: 14px;
}
Example explained:
* For ul:
o Set the list-style-type to none to remove the list item marker
o Set both padding and margin to 0px (for cross-browser compatibility)
* For li:
o Set the URL of the image, and show it only once (no-repeat)
o Position the image where you want it (left 0px and down 5px)
o Position the text in the list with padding-left
Posted by Deepak chauhan
List - Shorthand property
It is also possible to specify all the list properties in one, single property. This is called a shorthand property.
The shorthand property used for lists, is the list-style property:
Example
ul
{
list-style: square url("sqpurple.gif");
}
When using the shorthand property, the order of the values are:
* list-style-type
* list-style-position (for a description, see the CSS properties table below)
* list-style-image
It does not matter if one of the values above are missing, as long as the rest are in the specified order.
All CSS List Properties
CSS list-style Property
Example
Specify all the list properties in one declaration:
ul
{
list-style:square url("sqpurple.gif");
}
Definition and Usage
The list-style shorthand property sets all the list properties in one declaration.
The properties that can be set, are (in order): list-style-type, list-style-position, list-style-image.
If one of the values above are missing, e.g. "list-style:circle inside;", the default value for the missing property will be inserted, if any.
Default value: disc outside none
Inherited: yes
Version: CSS1
JavaScript syntax: object.style.listStyle="decimal inside"
Browser Support
Internet Explorer Firefox Opera Google Chrome Safari
The list-style-image property is supported in all major browsers.
Note: The value "inherit" is not supported in IE7 and earlier. IE8 requires a !DOCTYPE. IE9 supports "inherit".
CSS list-style-image Property
Example
Specify an image as the list-item marker in a list:
ul
{
list-style-image:url("/images/blueball.gif");
list-style-type:square;
}
Definition and Usage
The list-style-image property replaces the list-item marker with an image.
Note: Always specify the list-style-type property in addition. This property is used if the image for some reason is unavailable.
Default value: none
Inherited: yes
Version: CSS1
JavaScript syntax: object.style.listStyleImage="url('/images/blueball.gif')"
Browser Support
Internet Explorer Firefox Opera Google Chrome Safari
The list-style-image property is supported in all major browsers.
Note: The value "inherit" is not supported in IE7 and earlier. IE8 requires a !DOCTYPE. IE9 supports "inherit".
Property Values
Value Description
url The path to the image to be used as a list-item marker
none No image will be displayed. Instead, the list-style-type property will define what type of list marker will be rendered. This is default
inherit Specifies that the value of the list-style-image property should be inherited from the parent element
CSS list-style-position Property
Example
Specify that the the list-item markers should appear inside the content flow (results in an extra indentation):
ul
{
list-style-position:inside;
}
Definition and Usage
The list-style-position property specifies if the list-item markers should appear inside or outside the content flow.
Outside:
* Coffee
* Tea
* Coca-cola
Inside:
* Coffee
* Tea
* Coca-cola
Default value: outside
Inherited: yes
Version: CSS1
JavaScript syntax: object.style.listStylePosition="inside"
Browser Support
Internet Explorer Firefox Opera Google Chrome Safari
The list-style-position property is supported in all major browsers.
Note: The value "inherit" is not supported in IE7 and earlier. IE8 requires a !DOCTYPE. IE9 supports "inherit".
Property Values
Value Description
inside Indents the marker and the text. The bullets appear inside the content flow
outside Keeps the marker to the left of the text. The bullets appears outside the content flow. This is default
inherit Specifies that the value of the list-style-position property should be inherited from the parent element
CSS list-style-type Property
Example
Set some different list styles:
ul.circle {list-style-type:circle}
ul.square {list-style-type:square}
ol.upper-roman {list-style-type:upper-roman}
ol.lower-alpha {list-style-type:lower-alpha}
Definition and Usage
The list-style-type specifies the type of list-item marker in a list.
Default value: "disc" for <ul> and "decimal" for <ol>
Inherited: yes
Version: CSS1
JavaScript syntax: object.style.listStyleType="square"
Browser Support
Internet Explorer Firefox Opera Google Chrome Safari
The list-style-type property is supported in all major browsers.
Note: IE9 and Opera 11 do not support: cjk-ideographic, hebrew, hiragana, hiragana-iroha, katakana, and katakana-iroha.
Note: IE8, and earlier, only support the property values: decimal-leading-zero, lower-greek, lower-latin, upper-latin, armenian, georgian, and inherit if a DOCTYPE is specified!
Property Values
Value Description
armenian The marker is traditional Armenian numbering
circle The marker is a circle
cjk-ideographic The marker is plain ideographic numbers
decimal The marker is a number. This is default for <ol>
decimal-leading-zero The marker is a number with leading zeros (01, 02, 03, etc.)
disc The marker is a filled circle. This is default for <ul>
georgian The marker is traditional Georgian numbering
hebrew The marker is traditional Hebrew numbering
hiragana The marker is traditional Hiragana numbering
hiragana-iroha The marker is traditional Hiragana iroha numbering
inherit The value of the listStyleType property is inherited from parent element
katakana The marker is traditional Katakana numbering
katakana-iroha The marker is traditional Katakana iroha numbering
lower-alpha The marker is lower-alpha (a, b, c, d, e, etc.)
lower-greek The marker is lower-greek
lower-latin The marker is lower-latin (a, b, c, d, e, etc.)
lower-roman The marker is lower-roman (i, ii, iii, iv, v, etc.)
none No marker is shown
square The marker is a square
upper-alpha The marker is upper-alpha (A, B, C, D, E, etc.)
upper-latin The marker is upper-latin (A, B, C, D, E, etc.)
upper-roman The marker is upper-roman (I, II, III, IV, V, etc.)
CSS Tables
Table Borders
To specify table borders in CSS, use the border property.
The example below specifies a black border for table, th, and td elements:
Example
table, th, td
{
border: 1px solid black;
}
Notice that the table in the example above has double borders. This is because both the table, th, and td elements have separate borders.
To display a single border for the table, use the border-collapse property.
Collapse Borders
The border-collapse property sets whether the table borders are collapsed into a single border or separated:
Example
table
{
border-collapse:collapse;
Posted by Deepak chauhan
}
table,th, td
{
border: 1px solid black;
}
Table Width and Height
Width and height of a table is defined by the width and height properties.
The example below sets the width of the table to 100%, and the height of the th elements to 50px:
Example
table
{
width:100%;
}
th
{
height:50px;
}
Table Text Alignment
The text in a table is aligned with the text-align and vertical-align properties.
The text-align property sets the horizontal alignment, like left, right, or center:
Example
td
{
text-align:right;
}
The vertical-align property sets the vertical alignment, like top, bottom, or middle:
Example
td
{
height:50px;
vertical-align:bottom;
}
Table Padding
To control the space between the border and content in a table, use the padding property on td and th elements:
Example
td
{
padding:15px;
}
Table Color
The example below specifies the color of the borders, and the text and background color of th elements:
Example
table, td, th
{
border:1px solid green;
}
th
{
background-color:green;
color:white;
}
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